Polonnaruwa, once the capital of ancient Sri Lanka, is a treasure trove of history and stunning ruins. After the fall of Anuradhapura, it became the island’s political and economic center in the 11th century under King Parakramabahu I. Highlights include the Royal Palace Complex, Vatadage, Gal Vihara with its rock-carved Buddha statues, Rankoth Vehera stupa, and the Lankatilaka Temple. The Parakrama Samudra lake showcases the kingdom’s engineering brilliance.

Best time to visit is during the dry season (May to September), though the cooler months (November to April) are also ideal, though more crowded.

Travel Times: Colombo to Polonnaruwa: 5-6 hours (210 km) Anuradhapura to Polonnaruwa: 2 hours (100 km) Sigiriya to Polonnaruwa: 1.5-2 hours (60 km)

Things Not to miss

Gal viharaya

Gal Vihara, located in Polonnaruwa, is one of the most significant and breathtaking historical sites in Sri Lanka. It is an ancient rock temple complex that showcases some of the finest examples of Sri Lankan Buddhist sculpture and art. The site is renowned for its remarkable stone carvings, particularly the statues of the Buddha, carved directly into a granite cliff face.

The main feature of Gal Vihara is its four Buddha statues, each carved from a single slab of rock. The statues depict various postures of the Buddha, symbolizing different aspects of his life and teachings:

• The Seated Buddha: This statue is the largest and most famous, showing the Buddha in a serene, meditative pose. The peaceful expression on his face is a hallmark of the craftsmanship and dedication involved in its creation.
• The Reclining Buddha: Lying down in the parinirvana position, this statue depicts the Buddha in his final moments before attaining Nirvana. It’s a stunning representation of peace and transcendence.
• The Standing Buddha: This statue stands in a graceful posture, with one hand raised in a gesture of reassurance, symbolizing the Buddha’s compassion and guidance to his followers.
• The Sitting Buddha: The fourth statue depicts the Buddha seated in a position of contemplation. The artistry of Gal Vihara is considered a masterpiece of ancient Sri Lankan sculpture, dating back to the 12th century during the reign of King Parakramabahu I. The carvings are not only spiritually significant but also demonstrate exceptional craftsmanship, with fine detailing and proportions. The serene atmosphere of the site, combined with the grandeur of the Buddha statues, makes Gal Vihara one of the must-visit attractions in Polonnaruwa. It offers visitors a peaceful setting for reflection and an insight into Sri Lanka’s rich Buddhist heritage.

Parakrama Samudraya

Parakrama Samudraya is an ancient reservoir in Polonnaruwa, built by King Parakramabahu I in the 12th century. Covering 2,500 acres, it was designed to irrigate surrounding farmlands. The reservoir remains a symbol of advanced engineering. Visitors can enjoy stunning views from several vantage points:

• The Embankment: Walk along the embankment for panoramic views of the vast lake and surrounding greenery.
• The Southern Shore: Offers peaceful vistas, especially during sunset.
• The Parakrama Samudraya Viewing Tower: Provides a bird’s-eye view of the lake and the ancient ruins.
• The site continues to serve as an irrigation source and offers visitors both historical and natural beauty.